In HFS+, the solution has been to defragment the used and free space on the disk, something which macOS does to a degree, and several third-party tools have long supported. For an SSD, fragmentation of the file system metadata and file data has no cost, but for hard disks it can kill performance, as each attempt to access data on the disk turns into a long series of seeks to find all the blocks required. APFS was designed primarily for SSDs, and has quite a major problem when used with traditional rotating hard disks: fragmentation. But backups made using other software, and simple file repositories, could be in either HFS+ or APFS.Ĭhoosing which to use can be difficult. If you’re using your hard drive(s) for Time Machine backups, then you have no option as to their format, as those backups must go onto HFS+ volumes. For bulk storage of more than a terabyte of files, they’re still the only affordable option for most users. Like it or not, many of us are still using hard drives after we’ve upgraded to High Sierra or later.
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